Serve Toss Tennis Lesson — Accuracy and Consistency
October 6, 2011 by: Ian WestermannThe serve toss seems like such a simple thing to perform in tennis and yet so many players (both beginner and advanced) seem to really struggle with it. Why is that? In this video I’ll show you the main reasons why tennis players struggle with their serve accuracy and consistency and also show you my favorite drill for improving it!
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great to be watching the Doubles Domination videos and tapping into Essential Tennis for review of basics. keep these fine instructional materials coming!
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Thank you. I previous commend on your “service” video about the need for insturction on the toss and “lo & behold” you already had a video of such under “Popular Posts.” Just have to learn how to use ALL of your site.
Tom
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Great drill/video. I addressed the height guide by combining your wall hitting video with this video. Used the wall to tape a high mark that’s 1′ over the reach of my extended racquet. Placed the hopper 6″ infront of wall. This approach enhances my visual aids/constraints per your suggested toss/lift lesson. Now I’m going to see if it actually helps me. I’ll update you as I progress.
ASIDE. I don’t know what the demographics are, but at my club it seems lots of members (men and women) are 50+, and into the 60s and seventies. You’re “wall” video was great for this “returning to tennis senior”. Are there any video references, etc that address our particular physical limitations. For example, should we attempt the more physical demanding “top spin” semi-western “hit as hard as you can” approach we see our juniors using, splitsteps, etc. I want to do more than just dabble in tennis; I want to set goals and progress, otherwise I could just walk my dog for exercise.
Love your rational/thought out approach to instructing. I especially appreciate showing the underlying commonality of a principle even though it’s generally obscured/disguised by the highly individualized styles of the pros.
Thank you and others in this video tutorial guidance business. This is about the only internet video I succumb to. Wish I had access to same when I was much younger.
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Thanks Ian! This is great! I really struggled with my toss but once I got it down (after following this exercise) I was banging my serves in!
Any drills for kick serve and slice serve tosses???
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Oh! That’s how you do it. My toss is bad. Sometimes I bend at the elbow when I’m at eye level and it TOTALLY destroys my toss! I will keep remembering the shoulder is the key as I do this drill and will update you on the results.
Thanks
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this was a very clear and helpful video. will try the drill (obviously quite a few times) and let you know if it helped my serve. thanks
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Hi Ian,
Other on-line advice recommends the target for the toss for a flat serve should be the center of the t face of a racket that is placed on the court with the butt touching your front toe at the back of the service line and the handle at a right angle to the service line. Your target location is further back and seems to work better for me. Any comment?
Thanks
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 18th, 2011 at 2:53 PM
John,
Contact should be made a little bit in front of the baseline which is why I’ve placed the target there, however, it can absolutely vary from player to player based on how advanced their service motion is. The more aggressively you start to hit your serve (especially once the legs get fully used) the more in front you’ll want that toss to be. For the time being place the target wherever is most comfortable for you to actually hit the ball when it’s up there! Hopefully that makes sense.
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Hi Ian,
How we do for the toss of second serve where we need to put the ball above our head?
For the first serve, I can improve my serve as per your lesson, but the second serve, it is still inconsistent!
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 13th, 2011 at 7:23 PM
For a good second serve (combo of topspin and slice) you’ll want to position the basket/racket face about 6 inches further to the left (if you’re right handed) and right around the same depth. That’s it!
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thanks! Ian its realy very helful….
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 13th, 2011 at 7:22 PM
Good to hear, thanks for watching!
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Ian, I love this tip and I have used it but I think it is missing one thing: the height. I like to stand in front of my garage and have a target like a racket or basket, like you have but I can also see the height of my ball toss. I haven’t come up with a device or object to make a marker other than a spot on my garage wall to make sure my height is consistent as well. Maybe you can improve on my idea.
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 13th, 2011 at 7:24 PM
John,
Absolutely, height feedback can be very helpful as well. To have students practice that element of the toss I’d typically have them stand up next to a wall or fence of the court and aim for a certain spot.
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Ian,
Excellent content and very entertaining as well! But whats that one handle relic your playing with?
lol…
Be well,
Trent
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 10th, 2011 at 12:19 PM
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First all, everyone is talking about how to” toss” the b.all. I also prefur to use the word “lift”. Ian´s video is just to show a part of the problem of the Serve.
Nobody has the same bone structure.That is why, I think, is the reason that everyone looks differntly doing the same stroke. Forehand,backhand and Serve etc. Just like Nick Bollertieri said,Don´t try to copy the pro.s. Try to achieve what you wanted to do.
In my expierence ( 35 years of teaching), Try to relax( as ian also said),and raise the heel of the backfoot as you life the ball up. (There are many other ways).
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 10th, 2011 at 12:24 PM
I’d actually disagree with that Bollettieri quote to a certain extent. I would say that it’s definitely a bad for a rec player to copy a singular pro, as in, “I want to model my game after Roger Federer”. However, there is SO much that we can learn about what pros do collectively (the major technique similarities that they all share) and these types of elements are things that I think your average player can definitely strive for and try to emulate.
Thanks for watching!
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It’s amazing to me that you’ve responded to almost every email. I’m sure the popularity of your site will flourish from that practice alone. Good job sir!!!
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 10th, 2011 at 12:21 PM
Thanks for that, Monty. I really appreciate it. I try my best to really make my site as friendly and helpful as possible! I can’t always get to everybody, but it’s a goal I shoot for
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Great drill..simple but effective. Great way to iron out small wrinkles in ones game.. For advanced n beginners alike.
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 13th, 2011 at 7:25 PM
Thanks for watching, Armand!
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hi Ian
tks for the good tip. check out my website http://www.seniortennisandfitness.com for my spreading the word! tks,
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 9th, 2011 at 8:37 AM
Thanks for the link!
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Thanks for the great info Ian….definitely want to try it. It seems like I am tempting fate every time I hit a bad toss. Instead of catching it, I think….oh this time it might work…and sure enough the ball ends up in the net. I like the idea of doing this in my yard….or anywhere for that matter.
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 13th, 2011 at 7:26 PM
Alice,
Yup, definitely get out of the habit of hitting errant tosses ASAP! Be strict about it and your serve percentage will increase
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Hi Ian, First of all, thank you for your videos, I think they are great for learning… I wanted to ask you for pointers to make a good kick serve… I saw once that the way to do so is tossing the ball to my right (I’m right handed) instead of above my head, and hitting it with the racquet in almost a side motion… When I do it, it actually gets the effect correctly.. but it’s very hard to make it go faster or even to get across the net
Do you have some tips about what should I do to practice or improve that??.. (it’s kind of hard for me to hit it “side ways and forward” at the same time :S how should I practice or which workouts would improve those motions??..
Thank you again for all your help and videos.. they are really helpfull
Pamela
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 13th, 2011 at 7:28 PM
Pamela,
Great question. For right now I’m simply going to say that to hit a topspin (kick) serve the toss definitely needs to be more over your head, NOT to the right. I’m not going to get more detailed than that right now because it would take forever (haha) and I’m going to be coming out with a video about this topic very soon. Stay tuned!
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Ian, great stuff. If you do a follow-up video on the toss, could you please share a few tips on adjustments necessary when serving into the sun and when there’s a breeze. Also, any tips on drills for tossing to the right height. I sometimes tend to toss too low, and you know what happens then. Are there any drills that would help that? Finally, how long should your tossing arm be left in the air in relation to the time of contact?
Thanks again for all your great help!
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 13th, 2011 at 7:32 PM
Roy,
A great way to practice toss height is to stand right up next to a wall or fence and pick an appropriate spot to aim for. In this way you get immediate feedback and you can practice your consistency!
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Xlnt video, Ian!
It seems to me that most pros open their tossing hand widely after release of the ball, and I wonder if this may be a helpful for consistency. Example: Serena Williams.
Any comment?
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 13th, 2011 at 10:07 AM
Don,
I’ve noticed that as well, it’s something that I definitely wouldn’t classify as an “essential”, but certainly give it a shot and see how it feels/works for you!
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Great tip. I constantly have problems with my toss. I’ll try this out and let you know how it works out.
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 8th, 2011 at 6:27 PM
Definitely let me know!
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The toss..man’s greatest evil. I had some issues with it for a while, but then i noticed something. i could control the toss when i made sure that my arm went all the way down, all the time it seemed. That seemed to be the golden principle. It makes sense, because you get more force with less effort, and thus better control. Perhaps, that’s what is stuffing up a lot of people in a similar category. they do that drill fine, but when they do the whole motion it goes wayward (they don’t lower the arm all the way down, or do it but not always).
It’s been a while since i was hitting the ball, but i’ll be back into it soon.
Jole
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 8th, 2011 at 9:55 AM
Jole,
I agree with that observation, I definitely recommend a full range of motion with the arm. The longer it is the more relaxed and smooth you can make it!
Cheers
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Thanks for this great video Ian. Why wouldn’t you want to always practice this going to the trophy pose? Even though the trophy pose develops after the toss, it seems like you should practice with everything before and immediately after the toss to maintain timing consistency.
Brent
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 8th, 2011 at 9:54 AM
Brent,
I would have a student focus on ONLY the toss (taking out the trophy pose) if they had really, really poor habits with their hand, wrist, and elbow. It’s often very useful to have a student just isolate one thing at a time and really hammer it down before adding everything else to it. Hopefully that makes sense!
If your toss just needs a bit of repetition or a small tweak then go ahead and keep doing your trophy pose as well since it’s more realistic practice.
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Ian:
Great tip! Thanks.
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 8th, 2011 at 9:53 AM
You’re welcome
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I like to use a piece of 8.5″ x 11″ paper rather than a basket or other racquet. This does TWO things,
a) Prevents the ball from flying all over the place when hitting the edge of the basket or frame
b) Gives you audio feedback if you hit your target or not. This allows you to continue to look up and not develop a bad habit of dropping your head/upper body/shoulders too early.
On a windy day, a little tape will hold the paper down.
Ian – keep up the great work!
Tom
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 8th, 2011 at 9:52 AM
Tom,
Nice, I’ve never seen anybody use paper before, but I certainly don’t disagree with either of your reasons why!
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Hi Ian, i think you left something out that’s very important. And that is what your eyes are doing when tossing the ball. I like to toss two balls to my students one with their eyes open watching the whole way and then one with them closed until i say open to give them the effect of what happens when you take you eyes of the ball toss. Your mind panics when it loses sight of the ball and you tend to tighten up and throw the ball quickly and all over the place. And the second thing is the rhythm of your two arms going up together and not separately. If you can get them to do those two things consistently they will have a lot of success. good luck and keep up the good work Alex.
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Hacker Reply:
October 7th, 2011 at 5:22 PM
I disagree with both of your suggestions. First, if you watch the ball go up, you tend to chase the ball and hit it even when it is a poorly placed toss. If, instead, as some pros do, you first look up to where you want the ball to be when you hit it, you will see the ball in the last few feet of the toss and can much more easily recognize if it is a faulty ball toss and catch it instead of trying to hit it. Regarding the timing of the two arms in the serve, 30 some years ago pros taught “down together, up together” as you suggest. There is no one correct way to synchronize your arms in the serve. Many top pros let the hitting arm lag well behind the tossing arm.
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Alex Reply:
October 8th, 2011 at 9:07 PM
Hacker your talking about pros’s i clearly stated when i teach students not pros’s. As we all know there is a big difference. When it comes to watching the ball the whole time on the way up it helps students maintain a calmness and slowness to their toss which again as we all know is very important to a successful serve. And last but not least the reason you teach both arms going up at the same time into the trophy pose is so that you don’t have a hitch in the motion which again as we all know is very important.to the timing of the serve as for the arm lagging behind it’s not lagging behind it’s being placed there for proper extension and both arms do start at the same time.
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The problem as I see it, with the toss, is that the motion is seen as something of a movement of the left arm… (or the non-dominant arm) only. While a good toss is the result of the correct movement of the WHOLE body. I would advise practicising the toss by imagining that your whole body tosses the ball up.
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 8th, 2011 at 9:50 AM
Jerome,
Definitely better that than using the wrist and elbow!
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Thanks Ian, I will definitely try this drill
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 8th, 2011 at 9:50 AM
You’re welcome!
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Hi Ian, btw i like your t shirt,i think i understand the toss but in the future could you explain how you can hit up and out on the first serve,this part is always missing in the instructional videos,thanks
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 8th, 2011 at 9:49 AM
Sally,
Thanks, I can’t believe you’re the only one to comment on my shirt so far! haha
I’m going to be releasing a free serve course very soon that talks a LOT about hitting up.
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Thank you, Ian!
This video has great timing as I started struggling with serve all the sudden, and the club coach has pointed out my toss is too close to my body.
Back to toss practice while waiting my son finishing his breakfast!
BTW, at the last part, I noticed you kind of simplified the ‘back swing’ of your racquet arm and went to ‘trophy’ directly before contact. is a full back swing adding more pace or can be simplified as you did?
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 8th, 2011 at 9:49 AM
Jack,
You’re welcome!
There are all kinds of different styles of back swing with the dominant arm, it doesn’t have to be done any certain way. What I showed is definitely more of an “abbreviated” take back.
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I have achieved greater consistency of the service ‘toss’ when I learned to call it a ‘lift’ rather than toss! If you ‘lift’ the ball, you will more naturally keep your arm straight and use the shoulder joint as the fulcrum.
Great practice idea, Ian. Thanks
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 8th, 2011 at 9:48 AM
Tim,
I totally agree. Later in this video I used the word “guide” which I think is also much better than “toss”. “Lift” is great as well
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Excellent. I had always read the toss should land on a racquet face with the racquet lying at a 45 degree angle off your toe. I have recently started to get a consistent serve for the first time by tossing to your target which is closer and moving into the court enough so the ball was under my back ear at contact. I was feeling a little guilty. Thanks for the validation.
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 8th, 2011 at 9:47 AM
Thanks for watching!
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Hi Ian,
Great video and the timing is just perfect for my 12 year old son. Last night, I was watching him serve. He flicks the ball up and stops extending his tossing arm half way up. As a result, his tosses were all over the place. I kept telling him that’s wrong, it’s not smooth and you need to extend your arm all the way up into a trophy pose. I put a raquet on the ground exactly where you had the basket and had him practice the toss. Didn’t work. He kept tossing all over the place. I couldn’t quite get him to change it because he’d been tossing this way for a while. As a tennis dad (not a teaching pro), I had no idea how to resolve this until I saw your video. The key point you made was to lock the wrist and elbow and tossing only from the movement of the shoulder joint. It just lit up a 500 watt light bulb for me. I thought, that’s it! Great video. Thanks so much.
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 8th, 2011 at 9:47 AM
Steve,
You’re very welcome! Best of luck with your son, stay patient
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I think your toss inconsistency when not using your racquet arm reveals the importance of practicing the toss with both arms for good balance and accuracy during the toss.
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 8th, 2011 at 9:46 AM
Dan,
Both ways can be super important. If your toss happens to be super inconsistent than just singling it out without the trophy pose can be super helpful. The fact that I was more accurate while doing the trophy pose just illustrates that I’ve done it that way a LOT more, haha.
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Ian,
thanks for another great video. So many recreational players poohpooh the idea of practicing the toss. Then they adjust their feet to get under it!
I, too, had questions about how to hold the ball and release it, so next time you do a video on this, perhaps you could work that in. Also, I’ve heard that one should release the ball (it should be leaving your finger tips) when your hand is about forehead high. But how does one tell?
Bob C.
Toronto
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 8th, 2011 at 9:45 AM
Bob,
After going through the comments I’ll probably be doing a follow up video to talk about ways of holding the ball and releasing, etc. I wouldn’t focus on exactly WHERE to let it go, pick a target, use your shoulder, stay relaxed, and just let it happen. This is one of those things that we do NOT want to over analyze.
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Ian,
Good morning coach!
I have a few questions regarding the video. Is the toss the same for both flat and slice? Do you eventually want your second service toss to be the same as the first serve? And as someone stated earlier, what about a kick serve? Where is the ball supposed to drop?
Thanks!
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 7th, 2011 at 10:50 AM
Duke,
Good questions!
-Yes, your flat and slice serves should be hit from the same place, it’s a kick or topspin serve that really requires the toss to be further back.
-That depends on exactly what type of serve you like to hit for your 2nd serve. It doesn’t HAVE to be the same, no. However, keeping it similar definitely has its advantages. If you hit mostly flat first serves and mostly topspin 2nd serves then it’s going to have to be different.
-If I were using this same drill to work on a kick serve toss then I would place the baseket pretty much right in front of my body, just on the inside of the baseline, so probably around 6-8 inches to the right or so (to the left if you’re right handed).
Hopefully that helps!
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Duke Reply:
October 7th, 2011 at 10:57 AM
Thanks Ian!
I’ll go ahead and put this to practice
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Will: Enjoyed the toss drill. will definitly work on it. Thanks
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 7th, 2011 at 9:55 AM
You bet, thanks for watching!
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Ian:
Thanks for your helpful tips and practice exercises on improving our toss. I struggle with consistency and a high enough toss. Thinking of the shoulder as the fulcrum in the toss and the basket drill will help my toss. Appreciate your well done practice tips. John
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 7th, 2011 at 9:41 AM
John,
That’s exactly the best way to think about it: “the shoulder as the fulcrum”. Everything from the shoulder down should remain relaxed and stationary, allow the shoulder to totally take over and guide the ball smoothly up there. I’m very confident following those instructions will greatly improve your consistency!
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I have taught the “smell-perfume-on-your-wrist” method. This keeps the wrist cocked throughout the toss motion, eliminating the flipping of the wrist/ball.
As for the twist/kick serve, the secret is to keep your eye looking straight up, and imagine putting the ball there. Some people duck to get under the ball, but over time you will simply wait for the ball to start dropping towards your ‘leading’ eye.
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Great video and, as pointed out by ccmack, can be practiced at home. I’ve become convinced that the toss is the most important part of the serve (at least for me) because its the only way to get everything going correctly.
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 7th, 2011 at 9:23 AM
Kim,
I actually meant to say something to that effect during the recording of this drill: if the toss isn’t in the right place then nothing else about your service technique can operate properly! You could have the prettiest motion ever, but if the toss is in the wrong place it almost doesn’t matter at all. Definitely super important!
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Morning Ian,
This drill seems to be a lot better than trying to toss the ball in between an open door.
As I get better with this drill, should I progress to the knee bend?
My best,
Larry
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 7th, 2011 at 9:25 AM
Larry.
“In between an open door”…..hmmm, don’t think I’ve heard that one before, can’t really picture what you mean. Yes, absolutely include the full trophy pose once you’ve become consistent just focusing on the tossing arm by itself. This is by far the best way I know to practice the toss!
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Ben,
Ian can beat you with any setup from any department store. You should work on your toss.
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 7th, 2011 at 9:26 AM
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Hey Ian, thanks very much for this – a much needed reminder on the importance of the service toss.
I’m curious to know what racquet and string setup you use as a teaching pro and player? It looks like a Wilson Pro Tour or Wilson Pro Open with a full bed of textured poly – could you share your specs and string tension?
Keep up the great work.
- Ben
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 7th, 2011 at 9:22 AM
Ben,
I’ve been using the BLX Pro Open to both teach and play with since it came out. In there currently are textured (hex I believe) poly strings from “Mamba”. 61lbs. I’m about to switch back to a heavier racket again though.
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Great video. Hope I can get a bit of consistency on my serve practicing this (and I don’t even need to get to a court or have ‘good’ tennis balls to practice this. I can practice in my garden with the balls I leave for the dog!
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 7th, 2011 at 9:20 AM
Yup, that’s a good point! No excuse not to work on your toss now, right?
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Ian, why de ice cream cone,is not a good practice?
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 7th, 2011 at 9:20 AM
Humbert,
Honestly, if it consistently works well for you then I’m totally fine with it, but personally I don’t think it’s a very natural way to have good “feel” for a service toss. It can be a great tool to practice not using your hand to flip the ball up in the air (a very common problem), but beyond an instructional tool I’m not really a huge fan.
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Hey Ian, nice drill. I will give it a try.
One question or rather suggestion: for a kick / TS serve, would it be a good idea to stand more behind rather than next to the basket? I can only get good TS if I toss the ball straight above my head or even slightly behind, and I have real trouble doing this consistently.
Ed
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 7th, 2011 at 9:18 AM
Ed,
Yes, you’re exactly right, a kick serve does have a different toss placement than what I’m demonstrating here!
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Hi Ian,
Nice video.. about toss. i have question regarding how to hold ball when you loss. i know everyone say hold with you finger not with your palm.. but question is should hold ball they way we old water glass or hold such a way so your palm facing up at sky?
Hansie
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 6th, 2011 at 10:36 PM
Hansie,
Honestly you should experiment and do what brings you consistency most easily. Every teaching pro says to use the finger tips but there are a lot of high level players out there who don’t and have super reliable tosses. The service toss is a “touch” thing and you should do what’s most comfortable to you within reason! The “water glass” or “ice cream cone” thing can be a good teaching tool, but don’t suggest that you actually toss that way….
Hopefully that’s helpful!
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Hansie Reply:
October 6th, 2011 at 10:51 PM
Thank Ian,,
I had very inconsistent loss. but after using shoulder it become much better.. but i still had doubt about how to hold. since you said loss is touch thing so i guess i should stop thinking about it and try develop consistent loss.
Thanks..
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Ian, I’ve done this drill often, and I’ve gotten pretty good at it. Of course, I have a basket that’s three feet wide.
Seriously, thanks for this tip. Keep ‘em coming. Love these tips.
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Ian Westermann Reply:
October 6th, 2011 at 8:24 PM
Glad you enjoyed it, John!
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